Iron deficiency and heart failure: diagnostic dilemmas and therapeutic perspectives

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Iron deficiency and heart failure: diagnostic dilemmas and therapeutic perspectives

Iron is a micronutrient essential for cellular energy and metabolism, necessary for maintaining body homoeostasis. Iron deficiency is an important co-morbidity in patients with heart failure (HF). A major factor in the pathogenesis of anaemia, it is also a separate condition with serious clinical consequences (e.g. impaired exercise capacity) and poor prognosis in HF patients. Experimental evid...

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Anemia and iron deficiency--new therapeutic targets in heart failure?

Anemia ranges in prevalence from below 10% among patients with mild heart failure symptoms to over 40% for patients with advanced disease.1 Its prevalence is similar among patients who have systolic dysfunction and among patients who have heart failure with preserved systolic function.2,3 Anemia has been associated with older age, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal dysfunction, more advanced hear...

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Anemia and iron deficiency in heart failure

Heart failure is a common problem and a major cause of mortality, morbidity and impaired quality of life. Anemia is a frequent comorbidity in heart failure and further worsens prognosis and disability. Regardless of anemia status, iron deficiency is a common and usually unidentified problem in patients with heart failure. This article reviews the mechanisms, impact on outcomes and treatment of ...

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Anemia and iron deficiency in heart failure.

Anemia is a common comorbidity in patients with heart failure (HF) and is associated with poor prognosis. Iron deficiency, with or without anemia, confers increased risk of mortality and morbidity. Along with the altered iron metabolism in HF patients, inflammation creates challenges in the interpretation of laboratory parameters used to diagnose anemia in HF. Since the RED-HF trial failed to d...

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Diagnostic and therapeutic problems in heart failure.

Heart failure (HF), affecting an increasing number of patients, is associated with several diagnostic, therapeutic, socioeconomic problems. Despite considerable advances, prognosis in HF--both in systolic failure and in that with preserved systolic function--is poor, which in part results from not the fully understood pathophysiology of this disease, and therapeutic approaches used at present. ...

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: European Heart Journal

سال: 2012

ISSN: 0195-668X,1522-9645

DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehs224